Step 3: Calculation External Pressure Coefficient Cp,e 

Step 4: Calculation Ka - Kc,e - Kl - Kp

Step 5: Calculation C fig,e for external pressure

Cfig,e = Cp,e × Ka × Kc,e × Kl × Kp
Coefficients applied to all load cases
Area reduction factor
External action combination factor
Local pressure factor
Applicable pressure factor
External pressure load cases

Each load case has its own Cp,e. The four K factors above are shared by all cases; use separate calculations if they differ between cases.

Step 5: Calculation C p,i for internal pressure

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